When called "candlewick" or "witches' torch", the dried stalks are soaked in tallow and then lit as torches in rituals to protect the circle. At the midsummer bonfire, mullein would be added and the cattle driven through a low fire to protect them for the waning year. Mullein is an herb whose vibration guards against spirits and would cause harm or mischief. As an herb that was initially used to light lamps and keep away the dark, this is an excellent choice in spells that keep away nightmares or drive away enemies- and to catch adulterous lovers by illuminating their actions!